Steven Johnson’s Where Good Ideas Come From’ Essay Example

Steven Johnson’s Where Good Ideas Come From’ Essay Outline and Reaction to Chapter 3 (The Slow Hunch) of Steven Johnson’s book ‘Where Good Ideas Come From’ The fundamental contention in the section is that extraordinary developments are because of aggregate procedures as opposed to unconstrained ‘eureka’ minutes. Nearly in any major mechanical or logical development of present day times, the advancement was made conceivable by the hearty base worked by collected earlier information. A key thought set forward by Steven Johnson is that of ‘convergence’. This is the procedure of the continuous aggregation of data, ideas and their interrelationships that are antecedents to the event of ‘insight’. In spite of the fact that the choice to blend and examine them is that of an individual, the major realities and ideas can be gotten from a divergent scope of sources. To this degree, however incredible developments are not one-off occasions of splendor, they are the aftereffect of ‘collective intelligence’. Aggregate Intelligence, in this sense, is the marvels of concluding experiences dependent on running fundamental explanatory instruments over the assembled information pool. In such manner, advancement can even be an everyday factual activity instead of some uncommon out-of-the-case thinking. We will compose a custom article test on Steven Johnson’s Where Good Ideas Come From’ explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Steven Johnson’s Where Good Ideas Come From’ explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Steven Johnson’s Where Good Ideas Come From’ explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer To approve his hypothesis of the ‘slow hunch’, Steven Johnson presents a few contextual analyses dependent on significant information and exact perception. The investigation of cholera flare-up in London is especially educational. The later case of Google’s endeavors to outline Trends is likewise intriguing. In these two models, regardless of the estimation of mapping key patterns, one can't highlight a solitary ‘break-through’ second that was instrumental in a definitive plan and execution of these undertakings. Rather what we witness is the ‘slow hunch’ as powerfully communicated in the section. Johnson additionally declares the significance of applying bits of knowledge from equal or united fields of study to the current issue. For instance, an astrophysicist attempting to tackle an issue relating to between galactic issue may really discover an answer by investigating quantum mechanics. The previous arrangements with a broad time-space worldview though the last looks to comprehend the sub-nuclear world. However one could perceive how, regardless of the fantastic complexity in the element of room the two orders endeavor to take care of comparable issues. In the cutting edge corporate culture, youthful business people regularly locate the best operational models for their business thoughts by contemplating models from different ventures. In spite of the fact that creator Steven Johnson’s thought of the ‘slow hunch’ isn't instinctive at the start, it holds up upon nearer examination. The specialized procedures behind development are plainly enunciated in the part. I might want to add to it the sociological and philosophical measurement. Drawing upon the celebrated axiom ‘No man is an island’, intermittently, advancements are the products of networks of individuals rather than one person. The recognized trailblazer is just the recipient of all the foundation done by various ancestors. Despite the fact that the last gathering doesn't get the case of possession or patent to the thought, their imperative job is clearly represented by Steven Johnson. I see this as a significant message for the general public everywhere, for, awfully regularly, singular pride overpowers the power of the network. In the event that solitary we comprehend the interconnectedness among people, hardship and strife would be considerably decreased in current social orders. Reference: Steven Johnson, The Slow Hunch, Chapter 3, Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation, ISBN 978-1-59448-771-2, distributed in 2010. Rundown and Reaction to Chapter 3 (The Slow Hunch) of Steven Johnson’s book ‘Where Good Ideas Come From’ The fundamental contention in the section is that incredible advancements are because of aggregate procedures instead of unconstrained ‘eureka’ minutes. Nearly in any major mechanical or logical advancement of present day times, the advancement was made conceivable by the powerful base worked by gathered earlier information. A key thought set forward by Steven Johnson is that of ‘convergence’. This is the procedure of the continuous gathering of data, ideas and their interrelationships that are antecedents to the event of ‘insight’. In spite of the fact that the choice to incorporate and investigate them is that of an individual, the crucial realities and ideas can be brought from a unique scope of sources. To this degree, however extraordinary developments are not one-off occasions of brightness, they are the aftereffect of ‘collective intelligence’. Aggregate .

Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econometrics - Assignment Example For RM (normal number of rooms in the proprietor involved lodging in the registration tract), in the primary variation, a 1 percent change in RM causes 0.329 % change in MV (the middle lodging cost). In the subsequent variation, a 1 percent change in RM causes a 0.0306 % change in the middle lodging value (MV). In the long run, a 1 percent changes in RM causes a 0.294 % change in the middle lodging cost in the third variation. In the subsequent variable, the weighted separation to five significant work habitats in the Boston district (DIS), the request for coefficients; 0.028, 0.027, and 0.027 in outright qualities. In the standards of absolutism, a one percent change in DIS causes a decrease of middle lodging cost by 0.028 in the principal variation, a decrease of 0.027 in the subsequent variation, and a decrease of 0.027 in the third variation. In the third factor, nitrogen oxide focuses in parts per hundred million (NOX), the coefficients are 1.479 and 1.529 in the second and third variations separately. These figures propose that 1 percent change in nitrogen oxide focus builds the medium lodging cost by 1.479 in the subsequent variation and by 1.529 in the third variation. Beta coefficient is the proportion of the affectability of the assessments in impacting the middle lodging cost. In the evaluations, the beta coefficient is the incline of the model summed up into ÃŽ ²0, ÃŽ ²1, ÃŽ ²4, ÃŽ ²3, and ÃŽ ²2. Ordinarily, the coefficients would suggest 1 rate change in the gauge 1 and 2 would cause an expansion of 0.566 and 0.0261. Be that as it may, utilizing the beta methodology, the two coefficients are beneath, recommending that they are underneath the middle lodging cost. 6. Assume in model (3) I included the variable NOX DCHAS, coming about in ln(MVi) = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1RMi + ÃŽ ²2 ln(DISi) +ÃŽ ²3NOXi + ÃŽ ²4DCHAS;i + ÃŽ ²5 NOX DCHAS +æ i . How might the translation of Æ 3 change in model (3) after the incorporation of this variable? What is the translation of Æ 5 in this model? 9. Given

Riot Round-Up Our Favorite Book-To-Movie Adaptations

Riot Round-Up Our Favorite Book-To-Movie Adaptations This post is sponsored by Word Film. Word and Film is a website dedicated to keeping a literary eye on what’s entertaining the world on screens both big and small. Check them out for reviews, breaking news, exclusive interviews, round-ups, recommendations, author essays, contests, and more. Right now, they’re giving away five movie adaptation prize packages that include a $360 movie gift card (for the theater of your choice) and 12 books coming to the big screen in 2015! Get the full prize list and enter here. ____________________ Truth time: the book is not always better than the movie. Whats more, trying to figure out which version of a story is better isnt always helpful. Film and print are two entirely different mediums, and we ask different things of each form. Here are our favorite book-to-movie adaptations that  capture the spirit of the original stories, while at the same time enriching them in the way that only film (or TV) can. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest I fell in love with the film, then read the book, then watched the film again to make sure I still liked it. While there are some major differences, Milos Forman’s adaptation captures the juxtaposing moments of insouciance and sorrow that take place in Ken Kesey’s novel. The cinematography is fantastic and the original score is haunting. Furthermore, it was filmed at Oregon State Hospital in Salem, the same setting as Kesey’s work. In the year it was released, the film won all five major Academy Awards, a feat only accomplished three times in total. Also, Louise Fletcher’s performance as Nurse Ratched is incredible. -Aram   Anne of Green Gables I LOVED this adaptation because it was simply a pitch-perfect re-imagining of the classic books. There were no weird new characters added (and, let’s be honest this was filmed in the 80s, there very well could’ve been an alien), no modern interpretations of plotlines or relationships, just the book’s own narrative, which is why we all fell in love in the first place. And they could not have cast better actors to play the lovely Anne, Marilla, Matthew, Gilbert, and Diana. Filming on location in picturesque Canada, and especially Prince Edward Island, did not hurt: I usually like to keep the images from the book in my own head, but seeing the White Way of Delight, Lake of Shining Waters, and Green Gables itself, so true to the book’s descriptions, was blissful. And it’s made PEI a bucket-list bookish destination for me, and many, many other readers. -Alison   Witches of Eastwick For me, this is actually a case of the movie being better than the book. Way better. I’m not saying John Updike isn’t a great writer, but his portrayal of woman wasn’t exactly the greatest in The Witches of Eastwick. But the movie is amazing and it’s mostly due to the cast. Michelle Pfeiffer, Susan Sarandon, Jack Nicholson, andCher. Let me repeat that. Cher. Admittedly, the movie is a little campy, but it’s the 80s. I’m also a sucker for movies when women band together (a la 9 to 5) and for me, the movie is what the book should have been. -Amanda D   Jaws This is my go-to example when people say “name a movie that is better than the book.” (This, and Die Hard. Yes, Die Hard was a book first! It’s also the best Christmas movie, but that’s an argument for another day.) It is easy to pick Jaws, because I’m sorry but Jaws is a horrible novel. I’m sure it was a great trashy beach read when it came out, but it’s quite ridiculous. But from its ridiculousness, Steven Spielberg managed to make one of the most perfect movies ever. Every shot in Jaws is magnificent. Quint is one of the best characters. The whole thing is eminently quotable. And Spielberg cut out all the nonsense from the book, like spoiler alert Ellen Brody and Hooper’s affair, and the death of Hooper. How awesome is it when Richard Dreyfuss pops up at the end? -Jaws   The 25th Hour The perfect book to turn into a movie is one with a simple and lean plot that still hits heavy themes, and this debut novel by David Benioff is a great pick. The film is a faithful adaptation (by Benioff) with great casting (one of my favorite PSH roles and that’s saying something) and a talented director in Spike Lee. The 25th Hour is about a small-time drug dealer enjoying his last day of freedom before a long prison term, which sounds like a perfect Spike Lee joint, but this is a story where much is unsaid. No one can talk about the reality the next day will bring, the awkwardness and the emotion underneath are all captured here, and Lee lets the movie breathe without pushing too hard. The movie somehow feels both vibrantly alive and slowly paced. Oh, and it does a few more crucial things: it adds a strong sense of place, beautiful cinematography, and a great soundtrack. Books can do a lot of things, but these elements of sound and beauty are where movies really shine and it’s where the best adaptations make their mark. Warning: while this sounds like a total guy movie (dude bonds with his dad and other dudes) it is a huge weep-fest at the end. -Jessica W   The Fellowship of the Ring The Fellowship of the Ring premiered on December 19, 2001. Since then we’ve seen the entire Lord of the Rings trilogy brought to screen and three movies based on The Hobbit. But I’ll never forget the excitement and the wonder I experienced in that movie theater when Middle Earth for the first time came to life in a movie that was both beautiful and respectful of the source material. When the movie was over, I remember exclaiming, “Yes!” with great emphasis. I was overwhelmed, in awe, exhilarated. And I couldn’t stop smiling. -EH Kern   The Princess Bride Like many children of the 80s, I became intimately acquainted with this movie well before I knew it was based on a book. When I did finally pick up William Goldman’s classic, I was delighted to discover how faithful the film is to the not just the details of the story but the spirit of it. This is a silly, and often ridiculous, story, and the movie, with its crazy-looking ROUSes and intentionally unbelievable sound-stages-dressed-up-as-mountain-cliffs, is just perfect. I’m afraid that if it were made today, we’d see WETA Workshop-style creatures and too much CGI, so The Princess Bride gets my vote for being practically perfect, and perfectly timed. -Rebecca   High Fidelity When people ask me what my favorite movie is, I tell them it’s Rear Window or The Empire Strikes Back, but it’s probably High Fidelity. For one, it’s a perfect adaptation. Even though it messes with the book’s setting and even its main character’s name, it captures the spirit of Nick Hornby’s book in a way that so few page-to-screen adaptations have managed. High Fidelity is quotable, its soundtrack (and the way it’s used in the film) is exceptional, it features a career-best performance from John Cusack, Jack Black and Todd Louiso as the most endearing set of goofball employees I can imagine, and a Tim Robbins cameo even better than the one he has in Anchorman. The whole thing orbits around Hornby’s music nerd obsessiveness, and we watch Cusack’s Rob Gordon rank and list every meaningful experience (musical and otherwise) he’s ever had, including his most painful breakups. I love this movie, and I might as well face it: it’s number one, with a bullet. -Josh C. Coraline Coraline is one of my favorite all-ages books out there, and I was so thrilled when it was adapted to film. This is a case where the story went through changes (of course it did), but not to the point where one wonders what the production team was thinking. The book is one creepy experience, and the film another, with fantastic atmosphere and stop animation. If ever there were a book and film adaptation pair that could coexist, it’s this one. -Kristina Pino True Grit  True Grit is one of my favorite all-time books, and a classic work that you put down and go “I see why this is a classic.” A small, seemingly straightforward novel that has all of its cleverness buried just below the surface, waiting for you to notice it. It was adapted once back in Olden Days, as a John Wayne movie, about which I have no particular opinion. More interestingly, it was recently adapted by the Coen Brothers (who are godly filmmakers) starring Jeff Bridges and Josh Brolin, among others. It’s a film that perfectly manages the sparse simplistic style of the novel (and understands why everyone in the story talks in the weird way they do). What I realized by the end of it, though, was it had got nearly all the book’s dialog in, word for word. I’ve suggested to some people that if you’ve seen the film, you don’t need to read the book. You’ve gotten the entire book, combined with excellent performances and a haunting soundtrack. It’s one of the few times I ’ve seen a book translated 100% onto screen without the results being boring and forgettable. Masterful film. -Peter Damien   Romeo + Juliet Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 version of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet made me think that Shakespeare was “cool.”  The delivery of the lines, most notably John Leguizamo’s Tybalt, is forever ingrained in my mind so that when I read the play now I hear them. I see the over-the-top versions that Luhrmann chose for the movie and the play will always be better for it. I say “better” not because it improves on Shakespeare (blasphemy!) but because it makes the play clearer to me as a reader, and helps me understand what is going on in the scenes. And that should always be the point of movie adaptations. -Johann Thorsson Gone Girl I go into movie theaters prepared to make excuses, register the differences, and generally side-eye any movie made from a film. That doesn’t mean I don’t often enjoy them, just that I take ‘em with a grain of salt. But Gone Girl was a pleasure to watch from start to finish. I’d read the book twice by the time I saw it, so the plot was firmly fixed in my brain and the movie fulfilled its promise and then some. Every shot, every actor, every segue felt true to the spirit of the book and letter be damned! No one could have made better use of Ben Affleck’s chin; Rosamund Pike brought a smoky darkness to Amy; I’m now a huge fan of Carrie Coon; and I will never be able to forget Neil Patrick Harris’s, ahem, scene. Add to that the breadcrumbs that they strewed throughout the film, leading toward the inevitably shocking conclusion and you have the most faithful film adaptation I’ve had the joy to watch. -Jenn Northington   10 Things I Hate About You Heath Ledger serenading Julia Stiles with “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” and precious nerd-pants-baby-faced Joseph Gordon-Levitt trying to woo Alex Mack? How can this NOT be the best book-to-movie adaptation? I guess technically it’s a Shakespeare-play-to-movie adaptation, but would you rather see The Taming of the Shrew or 10 Things I Hate About You? Thought so. This is the movie that made us look at the smelly, borderline greasy dude in the leather jacket and think, “If I dance on this table to Biggie Smalls ‘Hypnotize’ and hit my head on a chandelier, maybe he will catch me before I fall, sing to me, royally piss me off by taking money from the guy who was on Party of Five and I think started his own religion in real life, then break into my car and leave me a Fender!” Maybe that was just me, I was 16 and apparently undateable when it came out. I highly recommend rewatching it as an adult. You’ll probably cry when Kat reads the poem to Patrick because it’s just r eally sad now. -Emily Gatlin The Shawshank Redemption I spent a good portion of the 90s rewatching  The Shawshank Redemption  over and over, and when I discovered that it was an adaptation of Stephen Kings short story Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption (from  Different Seasons, if youre interested), it recast the Guy Who Writes The Scaries into The Guy Who Has An Unbelievable Fictional Range in my mind. Tim Robbins is perfect as Andy Dufresne, the urbane and seemingly soft-but-actually-hard-as-fucking-nails banker sentenced to life in prison for killing his wife. Morgan Freeman is, well, Morgan Freeman (his speech to the parole board is one of the best moments in movie history). This is a hope-filled heart-breaker.

A Unique Culture Saudi Arabia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 955 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Demography Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Egypt Essay Saudi Arabia Essay Did you like this example? Saudi Arabia: A Unique Culture Saudi Arabia: A Unique Culture The birthplace of Islam, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is home to some 12,300,000 citizens and an additional four and half million resident foreigners. These non-citizens from predominantly Arab-speakingArab-speaking nations such as Egypt, Yemen, Jordan, Syria, Kuwait, Pakistan, India, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka, comprise almost two thirds of the Saudi Arabian workforce. That being said, Saudi Arabia’s economic engine runs on the fuel of foreign indentured servitude and the sense of entitlement that Saudi Arabian citizens maintain and has become a way of life; a culture all to its own. This culture has evolved over time from the discovery and exploitation of rich fossil oil deposits; oil that has created one of the richest countries in the world. All about the Oil In 1932, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia became a unified country under King Abd Al-Aziz Al Saud (Lippman, Myers, 2004). Prior to this date, the country was divided into three tribal regions of Najd, Hijaz, and Asir and their dependencies. Development of the oil industry in the eastern Saudi Arabia spurred a fragmented cultural change that, with the aid of Americans, eventually â€Å"mechanized, computerized, electrified, paved, air-conditioned† (Lippman, Myers, 2004), and revolutionized the country. It wasn’t until the discovery of rich oil fields and the subsequent exploitation of those riches that the citizens of Saudi Arabia became a nation of wealth. From nomadic Bedouins whose country was a mere strategic ally in World War II sprang a people who fully embraced the modern and lavish lifestyles of American oil workers. The Saudis had gone from an impoverished culture to a super-rich one just as if it had received a dead relative’s large inheritance and it went to their heads. Cultural Clash The House of Saud’s (the founders of the Kingdom) direct descendants are the rulers of Saudi Ara bia, however they have no legitimate claim to the country despite their historic battle prowess of the early 1900s. Sharia (Islamic law) is the law in Saudi Arabia; â€Å"the state exists to promote, protect and promulgate Islam† (Cole, 2010). The fact that the monarchies of Saudi Arabia have always upheld Sharia law has kept them in power. The king, â€Å"whose title is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques† (Cole, 2010) faces no greater challenge than upholding these religious credentials. Religious conservatives control the elementary education agenda, religious education, and university curricula. The national culture of Saudi Arabia revolves around Wahhabi Islam, a particularly virulent, extremely traditional, and intolerant form of religious thinking (Metz, 1992). The epicenter for Islam containing the two largest religious iconic cities in the Arab world, Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia has since the early inceptive years of western lifestyles, started to rejec t those same ideals. This in turn has allowed for the Saudi Arabia to be considered the model religious-political environment to the entire Arab world. Family Ideals Most cultures have a basis of identity and status within society. For Saudis family is the most important societal foundation, more pointedly, families of formed alignments with other families who share common interests, ideals, and alliances are the keystone to survival. These familial circles are better understood as tribal lineages that are traced through paternal lines and where nepotism runs deep especially for the males of the tribes. As seen in their naming conventions, Saudis are very cognizant of their heritage, their tribe, and their extended families, as well as their nuclear families. A family business is open to participation by sons, uncles, male cousins, and function as the social welfare safety net for all members of the family. Women under Islamic law do not take their husband’s name. Inste ad, they maintain their father’s name showing they belong to his family for their entire life and also maintain control over their personal property, as an indication of their independence from a husband’s control. A woman is incorporated into a household when married, but not the husband’s family. Segregation found throughout the Muslim world between men and women is a mechanism to ensure modesty and avoid fitna (sexual temptation) (Metz, 1992). Children are held in the utmost important aspects of family and marriage, especially sons. A lineage and propagation of the familial and tribal name ensures the utmost happiness in life in accordance with Islamic teachings. Therefore, men are in line with the law when they take a second, third, or even fourth wife. Polygyny is not uncommon in the more conservative areas of Saudi Arabia. Muslim views, many times, are counter-intuitive to the way of the Western-minded individual and as of late (past thirty years) has c reated a high level of tension within the political-religious stability of the Kingdom and the Muslim nation. Conclusion With the discovery and development of rich fossil fuel deposits in Saudi Arabia, a tribal people were hastened through a revolution; from Bedouin lifestyle to 21st Century within less than a pentacost. As this conservative Muslim country fell in love with the lifestyles of the American workers in their country, many felt that Shuria law was undermined. Today a mixed culture in Saudi Arabian society is almost Jekyll-and-Hyde-like. Saudis have attempted to integrate western thinking into the Muslim world, but extreme opposition has created quite a rift in an otherwise peaceful people. The unique culture found on the Arabian continent is the result of American attempts to assimilate. References Cole, D. (2010). Countries and their culture: Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/Saudi-Arabia. html Lippman, T, Myers, J. (2004). Inside the mirage: America’s fragile partnership with Saudi Arabia. Oxford: Westview Press. Metz, H. (1992). Saudi Arabia: a country study. [Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress]. (Adobe Digital Version), Retrieved from https://countrystudies. us/saudi-arabia/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Unique Culture Saudi Arabia" essay for you Create order

Unmarried Women Are More Politically Liberal. Heres Why.

Theres long been evidence that unmarried women are more politically liberal than married ones, but theres never been a good explanation for why this is the case. Now there is. Sociologist Kelsy Kretschmer of Oregon State University (OSU) found that women who are not married tend to be more concerned about the social status of women as a group, more politically liberal, and more likely to vote Democrat than married women. Key Takeaways: Unmarried women report having a higher level of â€Å"linked fate† than unmarried women: they see what happens to other women as relevant to their own lives.Sociologists have suggested that this may explain why unmarried women are more likely to be politically liberal than married women.A report based on 2010 American National Election Study data found that linked fate does indeed help to explain the political affiliations of married and unmarried women.   Study Overview Kretschmer presented the study, coauthored with OSU political scientist Christopher Stout and sociologist Leah Ruppanner of the University of Melbourne, at the August 2015 meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in Chicago. There, she explained that women who are not married are more likely to have a strong sense of linked fate, which is the belief that what happens in their own lives is connected to the social status of women as a group in society. This means they are more likely to believe that gender inequality—manifested for instance in the gender pay gap, the gender wealth gap, and discrimination in education and the work place—has a significant impact on their own life chances. Kretschmer told the ASA, Over 67 percent of never married women and 66 percent of divorced women perceive what happens to other women as having some or a lot to do with what happens in their own lives. Only 56.5 percent of married women hold the same views. Study Methods To conduct the study, the researchers drew from the 2010 American National Election Study and included data from women respondents 18 years and older, whom they sorted as married, never married, divorced, or widowed. Using this data, they  found that a sense of linked fate has a significant relationship to ones political orientation and behavior. Using statistical techniques, the researchers were able to rule out income, employment, children, and views on gender roles and discrimination as factors that could explain away the gap in political preference between married and unmarried women. A sense of linked fate is in fact the key variable. Key Results Kretschmer told the ASA that women with a sense of gendered linked fate, who tend to be unmarried, think in terms of what will benefit women as a group. This means that they are likely to support candidates who promote, and political measures for, things like wage equality, workplace protections for pregnancy and maternity leave, anti-domestic violence laws, and welfare expansion. Kretschmer and her colleagues were motivated to do this study because the concept of linked fate has been used by other sociologists to help explain voting patterns exist among Black and Latinx voters in the U.S. The concept had never been used to examine political behavior among women, which is what makes the study and its results notable and important. The study also revealed that women who have never been married are more likely than those who are married to believe that is important to have women politicians. The researchers also found that  married and widowed women demonstrated the same degrees of linked fate. The researchers pointed out that widowed women are likely to still be engaged in the marriage institution via things like a husbands pension or social security, so they tend to think and act more like women who are married than those who are not (never been, or divorced). While notable, its important to recognize that this study demonstrations a correlation between marriage status and a sense of linked fate, and not causation. At this point it is impossible to say whether linked fate influences whether or not a woman will get married, or if getting married would reduce a sense of linked fate. Its possible that future research will shed light on this, but what we can conclude, sociologically speaking, is that cultivating a sense of linked fate among women is necessary for making political and social change that advances equality. Bibliography â€Å"Unmarried Women: Politically Cohesive, More Concerned About Womens Status Than Married Counterparts.† American Sociological Association, 22 Aug. 2015. https://www.asanet.org/press-center/press-releases/unmarried-women-politically-cohesive-more-concerned-about-womens-status-married-counterparts

The Four Primary Symptoms of Narcolepsy Free Essays

Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep at any place or time. After a 10 or 15 minute sleep attack, the person feels rested only brief period of time, then returns to an uncomfortable feeling of intense sleepiness. Many narcolepsy patients describe attempting to stay awake during the day like trying to stay awake after 3 days without sleep. We will write a custom essay sample on The Four Primary Symptoms of Narcolepsy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Attacks may occur while driving, talking, or working. The central nervous system is involved. This disorder begins in adolescence or young adulthood and continues throughout life. Narcolepsy is a potentially disabling, life-long condition estimated to afflict about one in every one thousand people in the United States. Although it is not uncommon, narcolepsy is often misdiagnosed, or diagnosed years after symptoms first appear. The four primary symptoms of narcolepsy are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy. People with narcolepsy are unable to resist the temptation of falling asleep and do so regardless of the number of hours slept the previous night. The excessive daytime sleepiness experienced by people with narcolepsy has been described as being like trying to stay awake after going several days without sleep. Frequently, people with narcolepsy fall asleep at inappropriate times, for example while eating or in the middle of a conversation. These moments often frequently occur during periods of intense emotion such as surprise, laughter, anger, or excitement (even in some of the most passionate situations). Cataplexy is the sudden loss of strength in voluntary muscles triggered by these intense emotions. The cataplectic attack can range from partial muscle weakness in a few muscle joints to almost complete loss of muscle control and last for several minutes. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations are also extremely common among patients afflicted with narcolepsy. Although these four symptoms are considered the four key symptoms of narcolepsy, all four symptoms only occur in small portion of the patients most other patients experience some combination of the four symptoms. A. Extensive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) This is probably one of the most persistent and disabling conditions that can be experienced by someone with narcoleopsy. This feeling typically lasts the entire day and occurs on a daily basis. When a patient with narcolepsy experiences a period where they do fall sleep it is more tan likely due to a failure to resist sleep instead of a sudden attack of sleepiness. Although this strong desire to sleep is constant, recent prior sleep does seem to relieve for momentary periods of time. Other factors that appear to prevent a sleep attack are physical activity and stimulants, but it also prolongs the period of feeling sleepiness. EDS has had a rather significant negative affect on narcoleptics’ job performance at school and at the workplace. Narcoleptics experience severe problems with and are typically unable to work with automobiles and dangerous equipment. Narcoleptics are more impaired than epileptic patients in terms of job performance and how prone they are to accidents. Narcoleptics lack many physical, emotional, and family supportive needs, even when compared to patients with cerebral palsy and alcoholism. Cataplexy is the condition in which the skeletal muscles experience extreme muscles. This can vary from paralysis in one limb or throughout the entire body. During an attack, the person is conscious and aware of the environment surrounding him or her and if the paralysis is only partial maybe capable of carrying on a conversation. After the attack, the patient is fully conscious and experiences no confusion. This nearly always triggered by some form of emotional stimulus. The occurrences of attacks vary from patient to patient; it can happen daily or happen only once in a patient’s life. These are realistic dreamlike hallucinations that occur either from consciousness to sleep or sleep to consciousness. The hallucinations are typically visual with occasional auditory or other sensory components. It often occurs in conjunction with sleep paralysis (see below). One of the most common hallucinations is to get out of bed and moving about while simply lying in a bed and not even moving a leg. Other hallucinations are more threatening as if a possible attacker enters the room and the patient is unable to move. This is form of paralysis that is the failure to move any skeletal muscle during the period from transition of consciousness to sleep or sleep to consciousness. This occurs frequently to narcoleptic patients. These experiences are extremely traumatizing to a patient and make it difficult for the patient to breathe. The attack usually lasts about 5 minutes but can be broke either by an extreme effort by the patient or external force such as being spoken to or touched. The precise factor that causes of narcolepsy is not clearly understood. Narcolepsy seems to be a biological problem, possibly involving abnormalities of brain chemistry. Narcolepsy or a predisposition to it may run in families suggesting a genetic influence. However, the way the predisposition might be inherited remains unknown. There is no evidence for a psychological basis for the disorder. The most accepted theory is that there is something disturbing REM sleep. The impaired REM system is the theory that explains EDS as well as cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. This was based upon the similarities between cataplexy and REM sleep. In both cases, skeletal muscles experience impairment, due to motor neuron blocking. This blocking of motor neurons occurs along the spinal causing excitation of the neuron in the spinal cord.. Cataplexy occurs when this inhibition of mental neurons are blocked during consciousness. Sleep paralysis may occur when motor neuron occurs prior to actual sleep or extends beyond the waking up period. Hypnagogic hallucinations occur when shifting between REM and wakefulness, this results in the unusual hallucinations experienced during hypnagogic hallucinations. The precise neurological abnormality that causes the symptoms of narcolepsy. The symptoms of narcolepsy are usually first noticed during teenage or young adult years although it can strike at any age. Most often the initial symptom to appear is excessive daytime sleepiness. Later, after several months or even years, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, or sleep paralysis typically develop. Different individuals experience wide variations in both the developments, the number and the severity of their symptoms. Family, friends, educators, employers and even those with narcolepsy often have a hard time understanding the problem and just what is happening. There is no known cure for narcolepsy. Narcolepsy symptoms can be treated with varying degrees of success with medications and adjustments of life-style and educational. Treatment is primarily intended to cope with the symptoms of narcolepsy. Stimulants are often given to promote alertness and to cope with EDS. The two stimulants that are prescribed the most frequently are methyphenidate and pemoline. Dosage is usually scheduled to promote alertness at the most crucial times. The one difficulty is that tolerance can rapidly develop to stimulants so it is recommended that stimulants be used only when truly needed. Adapting your work schedule to provide for naps at the time most crucial times of the most intense sleepiness can help prevent some of the affects of EDS. This also reduces the need and possible dependency upon medication. Funds for research are needed to advance knowledge about narcolepsy and test the effectiveness of methods of treatment and management. How to cite The Four Primary Symptoms of Narcolepsy, Essay examples

Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement free essay sample

In the unlikely event of any discrepancy between the Academic Regulations and any other publication, including this module guide, the Academic Regulations, as the definitive document, take precedence over all other publications and will be applied in all cases. . Introduction to the Module This 30 credit module covers four key areas. The organizational context: This module allows students to explore the organizational context and will furnish students with tools to analyses the organizational environment and the degree of dynamism and complexity in which organizations operate.Students will be encouraged to examine organizational responses to environmental turbulence. The development and impact Of Organizational culture will also be assessed. Organization structures and approaches to management: Students will analyses the changes to organizational structure and architecture and the volition from self-contained structures to boundaries organizations. Approaches to management from scientific management to postmodern organizations will be evaluated and the way groups and teams are formed and structured. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Motivation will also be examined as a motivated workforce can be a sign of a successful organization and students will be encouraged to reflect critically on theories of motivation and apply them to real life situations and case study scenarios. Management processes: Intensified competition, technological innovation and increased knowledge intensity has resulted in a pattern Of repeat change. The results of change programmed are often disappointing and students will examine the triggers for change, why change is resisted and organizations approaches to change management.This module will also investigate the difference be;en leadership and management and critically evaluate classical and contemporary approaches to leadership theory and the role power and politics play in organizational life. Individuals in the organization: This part of the module focuses on individual differences. The ability to learn, and to continue learning, for individuals and organizations, is crucial in the 21 SST century. Students will be introduced to a number of learning theories which affect management practices and will have an overview of the learning organization. Students will examine the role that personality and perception play in shaping and directing our own and other peoples behavior. The role of communication will also be investigated as communication affects organization performance and also individual career prospects. Students will therefore be equipped with a robust intellectual framework for analyzing and understanding the past, present and future influences on their own thinking, attitudes, values and behaviors and to fleet on how these might impact their effectiveness and performance in practice.Please also refer to Sections AAA and b of the MID. 3. Intended Learning Outcomes Anglia Risking modules are taught on the basis of intended learning outcomes and on successful completion of this module, you will be expected to be able to demonstrate that you have met these outcomes. On SUCCessfUl completion you will be able to: 1. Understand and critically evaluate the underlying principles and concepts of the nature of organizations. 2. Understand and appreciate the contribution of effective people management to the success of organizations. Explore a range of theories developed to aid the understanding of learning and human behavior, reflecting on their learning experiences and career development. 4. Examine the application of theories in real world organizational settings. 5. Apply a range of theories and concepts on organizational design, structure and management in the analysis of managing employees with specific reference to leadership, power, motivation and teamwork. 6.Use simple psychometric and related instruments for self-analysis and learning tools for goal-setting, problem-solving and personal reflective practice within a framework for arsenal and career development. 4. Outline Delivery Wok Lecture A People I Lecture B -? Organization Management I Reading (Buchanan and Husking, 2010) | 1 | Introduction to Part A of the module. Longitudinal behavior and personality Introduction to Part B of the module. What is an organization? Introduction to organizational behavior. Orientation to work and the work ethic.. I Chapters 1 and 6 | 2 | Personality theories in the workplace.I The organizations environment. Business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Chapters 2, 3 and 61 3 | Perception. I Organizational culture and solicitation. Chapters 4 and 8 4 Attitudes and values. Organizational structure and architecture. Chapters 15 and 17; Brooks Chapter 31 5 | Learning as a process. The Behaviorism and Cognitive approaches. I Approaches to organizations and management. (1) Chapters 5, 14 Andean 6 Learning in practice and the Learning Organization I Approaches to organizations and management (2) | Chapters 5, 14 and 16, 7 Motivation: content theories I Groups and teams at work.Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 8 Motivation: process theories I Organizational change Chapters 9 and 18 | 9 | Communication I Leadership (part 1) | Chapters 7 and 19 10 | Career management and choices I Leadership (part 2) | Chapter 19 | 11 Reflective practice and managing self. I Power in organizations Chapter 22 12 | Module review. I Module review I I 4. 1 Attendance Requirements Attending all your classes is very important and one of the best ways to help you succeed in this module. In accordance with the Student Charter, you are expected to arrive on time and take an active part in all your timetabled classes.If you are unable to attend a class for a valid reason (egg: illness), please contact your Module Tutors. Anglia Risking will closely monitor the attendance of all students and will intact you by e-mail if you have been absent without notice for two weeks. Continued absence can result in the termination of your registration as you will be considered to have withdrawn from your studies. International students who are non-EYE nationals and in possession of entry clearance/leave to remain as a student (student visa) are required to be in regular attendance at Anglia Risking.Failure to do so is considered to be a breach of national immigration regulations. Anglia Risking, like all British Universities, is statutorily obliged to inform the Border and Immigration Agency of the Home Office Of significant unauthorized absences by any student visa holders. 5. Assessment This module will be assessed through two pieces of coursework which will allow you to evidence the demands of this module and meet the learning outcomes (see sections 7 and 9 of the MID). Both pieces of coursework have a word limit of 3,000 words and have a 50% weighting.The assignment hand-in date is Tuesday, 8 May, 2012. All coursework assignments and other forms of assessment must be submitted by the published deadline which is detailed above. It is your responsibility to know when work is due to be submitted ignorance of the deadline date Will not be accepted as a reason for late or non-submission. All student work which contributes to the eventual outcome of the module (ii: if it determines whether you will pass or fail the module and counts towards the mark you achieve for the module) is submitted via the centre using the formal submission sheet .Academic staff CANNOT accept work directly from you. If you decide to submit your work to the centre by post, it must arrive by midday on the due date. If you elect to post your work, you do so at your own risk and you must ensure that sufficient time is provided for your work o arrive at the centre. Posting your work the day before a deadline, albeit by first class post, is extremely risky and not advised. Any late work (submitted in person or by post) will NOT be accepted and a mark Of zero will be awarded for the assessment task in question.You are requested to keep a copy of your work. Feedback You are entitled to written feedback on your performance for all your assessed work. For all assessment tasks which are not examinations, this is provided by a member of academic staff completing the assignment coversheet on which your mark and feedback will relate to the achievement f the modules intended learning outcomes and the assessment criteria you were given for the task when it was first issued. Examination scripts are retained by Anglia Risking and are not returned to students.However, you are entitled to feedback on your performance in an examination and may request a meeting with the Module Leader or Tutor to see your examination script and to discuss your performance. Anglia Risking is committed to providing you with feedback on all assessed work within 20 working days of the su bmission deadline or the date of an examination. This is extended to 30 days for feedback for a Major Project doodle (please note that working days excludes those days when Anglia Risking University is officially closed; egg: between Christmas and New Year).Personal tutors will offer to read feedback from several modules and help you to address any common themes that may be emerging. At the main Anglia Risking University campuses, each Faculty will publish details of the arrangement for the return of your assessed work (egg: a marked essay or case study etc. ). Any work which is not collected by you from the Faculty within this timeshare is returned to the sciences from where you can subsequently collect it. The sciences retain student work for a specified period prior to its disposal.TO assure ourselves that our marking processes are comparable with other universities in the K, Anglia Risking provides samples of student assessed work to external examiners as a routine part of our marking processes. External examiners are experienced academic staff from other universities who scrutinize your work and provide Anglia Risking academic staff with feedback and advice. Many of Anglia Russians staff act as external examiners at other universities.On occasion, you will receive feedback and marks for pieces of work that you employed in the earlier stages of the module. We provide you With this feedback as part of the learning experience and to help you prepare for other assessment tasks that you have still to complete. It is important to note that, in these cases, the marks for these pieces of work are unconfirmed as the processes described above for the use of external examiners will not have been completed. This means that, potentially, marks can change, in either direction!Marks for modules and individual pieces of work become confirmed on the Dates for the Official Publication of Results which can be checked at www. Anglia. C. UK/results. ASSIGNMENT ONE Module Title: Introduction to People, Organizations and Management Module code: 8B130020S Level: 1 Academic Year: 2011/12 Semester: Two instructions: See below Word Limit: 3000 words % weighting: Written assignments must not exceed the specified maximum number of words. Assignments will not be accepted without a word count on the cover sheet.Submission Date: Tuesday, May 8, 201 2 Work submitted after this date will receive a mark of O unless an extension has been approved in advance of this deadline. Requests for short-term extensions will only be considered in the case of illness or other cause considered valid by the Student Adviser. These must normally be received and agreed by Student Adviser in writing at least twenty four hours prior to the deadline. Please refer to the Academic Regulations or your Student Handbook for full details.Further details: This assignment must be completed individually. This assignment must be attached to a completed University Assignment Cover Sheet and accompanied by a completed University Assignment Receipt before submission. Any attachments (such as computer discs) must be marked with your SIDE umber(s) and securely attached to your assignment before submission. Do not submit your work in a plastic sleeve. TASK Read the two organizational case studies attached and provide a critical comparative analysis of them in academic report format.You should consider how the two organizations differ in the way they operate and in the way they are managed. In particular, you should focus on the following areas: * Organizational design and structure * Teams and teamwork * Approach to leadership and management * Organizational culture Your analysis must be supported by relevant theories and concepts that have en covered in the module and you must demonstrate that you have read widely around the subject area and used this reading to support the arguments you are making.Do not rely solely on the key text but use a range of academic texts and journal articles. Refer to the reading list in your module guide for further guidance. It is essential that you use the Harvard Referencing System and it is recommended that you download the Universitys Guide to the Harvard Referencing System from the library website. Assessment weighting for written assignment The following assessment weighting is provided for guidance:Introduction 10% | Analysis of issues including use of the literature to support arguments | | Conclusion and recommendations | 20% P resentation and structure of the report including written expression and referencing | Case Study One Case study 1: Boogieman pal Boogieman is a world-leading business, producing crop-protection products (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides). It currently employs 15,000 employees in over 80 countries and has manufacturing facilities in 10 countries.It is organized into four major functional areas: Research and Development, Manufacturing, Sales and Marketing and, finally, Support covering financial services, human resources and legal services). Jane Morgan, the Chief Executive Officer of Boogieman, is a strong role model for her staff and has developed a mission and a set of values based on extensive consultation with Bignesss stakeholders.Bignesss mission is to be the most trusted provider of crop-protection products in the world and their values include: Be adventurous, creative and open-minded Pursue growth and learning Be passionate and determined Build open and honest relationships Create fun These values have been embedded in the culture of the organization. Jane is belly respected and many of her staff have even called her inspirational. She is very motivational and communicates high expectations of all staff.Her aim has always been to empower her staff and to stimulate staff to be creative and innovation so that they try novel approaches and develop ground-breaking new products. Boogieman is committed to innovation and sees this as a major strength. It has a strong focus on recruiting extremely able and highly moti vated employees. It is also committed to investing heavily in their development. As well as recruiting highly educated staff, many of whom are educated to doctorate bevel, the company offers numerous in-house training courses covering both technical and personal development issues.As a global organization Boogieman wants to recruit the brightest and the best from all over the world. In Cambridge, alone, one of its four research and development hubs, it employs people of 20 different nationalities. It offers generous support to employees who want to further their education and training by paying fees and giving time off to attend courses. It also offers generous perks, such as opportunities for sabbaticals or gap years and subsidizing gym membership.Office environments and even factories are designed to be light, pleasant places to work, with the company sponsoring a large amount of art work and landscaping to enhance the environment. It is also a major sponsor of a number of exhibitions and museums around the world with a biological science theme. Staff are encouraged to contribute to community work, and the company sponsors a number of projects working with schools in a number of countries on biological science projects.Although Boogieman has a traditional structure, as would be expected of an organization of this size, Jane believes that structures, job titles and power an put barriers up between people and inhibit innovation and performance. She believes it is far more effective to put her faith in people and in teamwork and there is minimal hierarchy. Although almost all employees work in one of the four functional areas mentioned above, the organization also promotes cross-functional working in project teams, some of which are virtual teams.Project working is seen as essential to achieving constant product improvement and innovation. These teams can be large or small, short term or fairly long in duration. It recognizes that getting people from different unctions to work effectively together can be a challenge and it has a number of ways of trying to minimize these, including the use of technology. Many of the support staff have at least undergraduate degrees in science subjects.For example Jacqueline Baryons works in the marketing team but she has a degree in Biology, although she was later sponsored by Boogieman to do an MBA. Although originally based in Cambridge, she was recently posted to a nine month international assignment in South Africa where she worked on a project to develop a new herbicide, working with a team of four others. This included Jonathan Theorizing, who has a PhD in chemistry from the USA and has been working on production in one of Bignesss manufacturing bases in Italy until recently.