Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement free essay sample

In the unlikely event of any discrepancy between the Academic Regulations and any other publication, including this module guide, the Academic Regulations, as the definitive document, take precedence over all other publications and will be applied in all cases. . Introduction to the Module This 30 credit module covers four key areas. The organizational context: This module allows students to explore the organizational context and will furnish students with tools to analyses the organizational environment and the degree of dynamism and complexity in which organizations operate.Students will be encouraged to examine organizational responses to environmental turbulence. The development and impact Of Organizational culture will also be assessed. Organization structures and approaches to management: Students will analyses the changes to organizational structure and architecture and the volition from self-contained structures to boundaries organizations. Approaches to management from scientific management to postmodern organizations will be evaluated and the way groups and teams are formed and structured. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Motivation will also be examined as a motivated workforce can be a sign of a successful organization and students will be encouraged to reflect critically on theories of motivation and apply them to real life situations and case study scenarios. Management processes: Intensified competition, technological innovation and increased knowledge intensity has resulted in a pattern Of repeat change. The results of change programmed are often disappointing and students will examine the triggers for change, why change is resisted and organizations approaches to change management.This module will also investigate the difference be;en leadership and management and critically evaluate classical and contemporary approaches to leadership theory and the role power and politics play in organizational life. Individuals in the organization: This part of the module focuses on individual differences. The ability to learn, and to continue learning, for individuals and organizations, is crucial in the 21 SST century. Students will be introduced to a number of learning theories which affect management practices and will have an overview of the learning organization. Students will examine the role that personality and perception play in shaping and directing our own and other peoples behavior. The role of communication will also be investigated as communication affects organization performance and also individual career prospects. Students will therefore be equipped with a robust intellectual framework for analyzing and understanding the past, present and future influences on their own thinking, attitudes, values and behaviors and to fleet on how these might impact their effectiveness and performance in practice.Please also refer to Sections AAA and b of the MID. 3. Intended Learning Outcomes Anglia Risking modules are taught on the basis of intended learning outcomes and on successful completion of this module, you will be expected to be able to demonstrate that you have met these outcomes. On SUCCessfUl completion you will be able to: 1. Understand and critically evaluate the underlying principles and concepts of the nature of organizations. 2. Understand and appreciate the contribution of effective people management to the success of organizations. Explore a range of theories developed to aid the understanding of learning and human behavior, reflecting on their learning experiences and career development. 4. Examine the application of theories in real world organizational settings. 5. Apply a range of theories and concepts on organizational design, structure and management in the analysis of managing employees with specific reference to leadership, power, motivation and teamwork. 6.Use simple psychometric and related instruments for self-analysis and learning tools for goal-setting, problem-solving and personal reflective practice within a framework for arsenal and career development. 4. Outline Delivery Wok Lecture A People I Lecture B -? Organization Management I Reading (Buchanan and Husking, 2010) | 1 | Introduction to Part A of the module. Longitudinal behavior and personality Introduction to Part B of the module. What is an organization? Introduction to organizational behavior. Orientation to work and the work ethic.. I Chapters 1 and 6 | 2 | Personality theories in the workplace.I The organizations environment. Business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Chapters 2, 3 and 61 3 | Perception. I Organizational culture and solicitation. Chapters 4 and 8 4 Attitudes and values. Organizational structure and architecture. Chapters 15 and 17; Brooks Chapter 31 5 | Learning as a process. The Behaviorism and Cognitive approaches. I Approaches to organizations and management. (1) Chapters 5, 14 Andean 6 Learning in practice and the Learning Organization I Approaches to organizations and management (2) | Chapters 5, 14 and 16, 7 Motivation: content theories I Groups and teams at work.Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 8 Motivation: process theories I Organizational change Chapters 9 and 18 | 9 | Communication I Leadership (part 1) | Chapters 7 and 19 10 | Career management and choices I Leadership (part 2) | Chapter 19 | 11 Reflective practice and managing self. I Power in organizations Chapter 22 12 | Module review. I Module review I I 4. 1 Attendance Requirements Attending all your classes is very important and one of the best ways to help you succeed in this module. In accordance with the Student Charter, you are expected to arrive on time and take an active part in all your timetabled classes.If you are unable to attend a class for a valid reason (egg: illness), please contact your Module Tutors. Anglia Risking will closely monitor the attendance of all students and will intact you by e-mail if you have been absent without notice for two weeks. Continued absence can result in the termination of your registration as you will be considered to have withdrawn from your studies. International students who are non-EYE nationals and in possession of entry clearance/leave to remain as a student (student visa) are required to be in regular attendance at Anglia Risking.Failure to do so is considered to be a breach of national immigration regulations. Anglia Risking, like all British Universities, is statutorily obliged to inform the Border and Immigration Agency of the Home Office Of significant unauthorized absences by any student visa holders. 5. Assessment This module will be assessed through two pieces of coursework which will allow you to evidence the demands of this module and meet the learning outcomes (see sections 7 and 9 of the MID). Both pieces of coursework have a word limit of 3,000 words and have a 50% weighting.The assignment hand-in date is Tuesday, 8 May, 2012. All coursework assignments and other forms of assessment must be submitted by the published deadline which is detailed above. It is your responsibility to know when work is due to be submitted ignorance of the deadline date Will not be accepted as a reason for late or non-submission. All student work which contributes to the eventual outcome of the module (ii: if it determines whether you will pass or fail the module and counts towards the mark you achieve for the module) is submitted via the centre using the formal submission sheet .Academic staff CANNOT accept work directly from you. If you decide to submit your work to the centre by post, it must arrive by midday on the due date. If you elect to post your work, you do so at your own risk and you must ensure that sufficient time is provided for your work o arrive at the centre. Posting your work the day before a deadline, albeit by first class post, is extremely risky and not advised. Any late work (submitted in person or by post) will NOT be accepted and a mark Of zero will be awarded for the assessment task in question.You are requested to keep a copy of your work. Feedback You are entitled to written feedback on your performance for all your assessed work. For all assessment tasks which are not examinations, this is provided by a member of academic staff completing the assignment coversheet on which your mark and feedback will relate to the achievement f the modules intended learning outcomes and the assessment criteria you were given for the task when it was first issued. Examination scripts are retained by Anglia Risking and are not returned to students.However, you are entitled to feedback on your performance in an examination and may request a meeting with the Module Leader or Tutor to see your examination script and to discuss your performance. Anglia Risking is committed to providing you with feedback on all assessed work within 20 working days of the su bmission deadline or the date of an examination. This is extended to 30 days for feedback for a Major Project doodle (please note that working days excludes those days when Anglia Risking University is officially closed; egg: between Christmas and New Year).Personal tutors will offer to read feedback from several modules and help you to address any common themes that may be emerging. At the main Anglia Risking University campuses, each Faculty will publish details of the arrangement for the return of your assessed work (egg: a marked essay or case study etc. ). Any work which is not collected by you from the Faculty within this timeshare is returned to the sciences from where you can subsequently collect it. The sciences retain student work for a specified period prior to its disposal.TO assure ourselves that our marking processes are comparable with other universities in the K, Anglia Risking provides samples of student assessed work to external examiners as a routine part of our marking processes. External examiners are experienced academic staff from other universities who scrutinize your work and provide Anglia Risking academic staff with feedback and advice. Many of Anglia Russians staff act as external examiners at other universities.On occasion, you will receive feedback and marks for pieces of work that you employed in the earlier stages of the module. We provide you With this feedback as part of the learning experience and to help you prepare for other assessment tasks that you have still to complete. It is important to note that, in these cases, the marks for these pieces of work are unconfirmed as the processes described above for the use of external examiners will not have been completed. This means that, potentially, marks can change, in either direction!Marks for modules and individual pieces of work become confirmed on the Dates for the Official Publication of Results which can be checked at www. Anglia. C. UK/results. ASSIGNMENT ONE Module Title: Introduction to People, Organizations and Management Module code: 8B130020S Level: 1 Academic Year: 2011/12 Semester: Two instructions: See below Word Limit: 3000 words % weighting: Written assignments must not exceed the specified maximum number of words. Assignments will not be accepted without a word count on the cover sheet.Submission Date: Tuesday, May 8, 201 2 Work submitted after this date will receive a mark of O unless an extension has been approved in advance of this deadline. Requests for short-term extensions will only be considered in the case of illness or other cause considered valid by the Student Adviser. These must normally be received and agreed by Student Adviser in writing at least twenty four hours prior to the deadline. Please refer to the Academic Regulations or your Student Handbook for full details.Further details: This assignment must be completed individually. This assignment must be attached to a completed University Assignment Cover Sheet and accompanied by a completed University Assignment Receipt before submission. Any attachments (such as computer discs) must be marked with your SIDE umber(s) and securely attached to your assignment before submission. Do not submit your work in a plastic sleeve. TASK Read the two organizational case studies attached and provide a critical comparative analysis of them in academic report format.You should consider how the two organizations differ in the way they operate and in the way they are managed. In particular, you should focus on the following areas: * Organizational design and structure * Teams and teamwork * Approach to leadership and management * Organizational culture Your analysis must be supported by relevant theories and concepts that have en covered in the module and you must demonstrate that you have read widely around the subject area and used this reading to support the arguments you are making.Do not rely solely on the key text but use a range of academic texts and journal articles. Refer to the reading list in your module guide for further guidance. It is essential that you use the Harvard Referencing System and it is recommended that you download the Universitys Guide to the Harvard Referencing System from the library website. Assessment weighting for written assignment The following assessment weighting is provided for guidance:Introduction 10% | Analysis of issues including use of the literature to support arguments | | Conclusion and recommendations | 20% P resentation and structure of the report including written expression and referencing | Case Study One Case study 1: Boogieman pal Boogieman is a world-leading business, producing crop-protection products (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides). It currently employs 15,000 employees in over 80 countries and has manufacturing facilities in 10 countries.It is organized into four major functional areas: Research and Development, Manufacturing, Sales and Marketing and, finally, Support covering financial services, human resources and legal services). Jane Morgan, the Chief Executive Officer of Boogieman, is a strong role model for her staff and has developed a mission and a set of values based on extensive consultation with Bignesss stakeholders.Bignesss mission is to be the most trusted provider of crop-protection products in the world and their values include: Be adventurous, creative and open-minded Pursue growth and learning Be passionate and determined Build open and honest relationships Create fun These values have been embedded in the culture of the organization. Jane is belly respected and many of her staff have even called her inspirational. She is very motivational and communicates high expectations of all staff.Her aim has always been to empower her staff and to stimulate staff to be creative and innovation so that they try novel approaches and develop ground-breaking new products. Boogieman is committed to innovation and sees this as a major strength. It has a strong focus on recruiting extremely able and highly moti vated employees. It is also committed to investing heavily in their development. As well as recruiting highly educated staff, many of whom are educated to doctorate bevel, the company offers numerous in-house training courses covering both technical and personal development issues.As a global organization Boogieman wants to recruit the brightest and the best from all over the world. In Cambridge, alone, one of its four research and development hubs, it employs people of 20 different nationalities. It offers generous support to employees who want to further their education and training by paying fees and giving time off to attend courses. It also offers generous perks, such as opportunities for sabbaticals or gap years and subsidizing gym membership.Office environments and even factories are designed to be light, pleasant places to work, with the company sponsoring a large amount of art work and landscaping to enhance the environment. It is also a major sponsor of a number of exhibitions and museums around the world with a biological science theme. Staff are encouraged to contribute to community work, and the company sponsors a number of projects working with schools in a number of countries on biological science projects.Although Boogieman has a traditional structure, as would be expected of an organization of this size, Jane believes that structures, job titles and power an put barriers up between people and inhibit innovation and performance. She believes it is far more effective to put her faith in people and in teamwork and there is minimal hierarchy. Although almost all employees work in one of the four functional areas mentioned above, the organization also promotes cross-functional working in project teams, some of which are virtual teams.Project working is seen as essential to achieving constant product improvement and innovation. These teams can be large or small, short term or fairly long in duration. It recognizes that getting people from different unctions to work effectively together can be a challenge and it has a number of ways of trying to minimize these, including the use of technology. Many of the support staff have at least undergraduate degrees in science subjects.For example Jacqueline Baryons works in the marketing team but she has a degree in Biology, although she was later sponsored by Boogieman to do an MBA. Although originally based in Cambridge, she was recently posted to a nine month international assignment in South Africa where she worked on a project to develop a new herbicide, working with a team of four others. This included Jonathan Theorizing, who has a PhD in chemistry from the USA and has been working on production in one of Bignesss manufacturing bases in Italy until recently.

How To Distribute Your Content To Reach More People [E-Book]

How To Distribute Your Content To Reach More People [E-Book] As bloggers, you  can learn a thing or two from musicians. Musicians feel the need to share their art with the world. Just like you. To do that, musicians  record albums.  Then they tour  to promote their albums- they go from city to city to find their audience- ask distributors to sell their albums, and share their music online. In short, musicians  create great content and work hard to distribute  that content. The Complete Insiders Guide: How To Distribute Content To Reach Your Audience #contentdistributionAnd like musicians, this is why you should care about content distribution: You pour yourself into creating awesome content that people want to read. That time and energy you put into your content is hard to come by. You probably have an audience who  already knows and loves you, but there are others like them who just dont know about your newest creation. The best way to maximize your  time and content- and reach a broader audience  that cares about what you have to say- is to distribute your content. How Owned, Paid, And Earned Media Work Together For The Best  Content Distribution Heres a traditional way of thinking about content distribution with owned, paid, and earned media: And while you might lean toward one or another, all three together make a really effective  combination. A simple way to think about owned, paid, and earned content distribution  is a three-legged stool. Without even one of its legs, the stool would fall over.

Basic Facts about U.S. Territories

Basic Facts about U.S. Territories The United States is the worlds third largest country based on population and land area. It is divided into 50 states but also claims 14 territories around the world. The definition of a territory as it applies to those claimed by the United States are lands that are administered by the United States but are not officially claimed by any of the 50 states or any other world nation. Typically, most of these territories depend on the United States for defense, economic and social support. The following is an alphabetical list of the territories of the United States. For reference, their land area and population (where applicable) have also been included. American Samoa Total Area: 77 square miles (199 sq km) Population: 55,519 (2010 estimate) American Samoa is made up of five islands and two  coral atolls, and is  part of the Samoan Islands chain in the south Pacific Ocean. The  1899 Tripartite Convention divided the Samoan Islands into two parts, between the US. and Germany, after more than a century of battles among the French, English, German and Americans to claim the islands, during with the Samoans fought fiercely. The U.S. occupied its part of Samoa in 1900 and on  July 17, 1911, the US Naval Station Tutuila  was officially renamed American Samoa. Baker Island Total Area: 0.63 square miles (1.64 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Baker Island an atoll just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean about 1,920 miles southwest of Honolulu. It became an American territory in 1857. Americans tried to inhabit the island in the 1930s, but when Japan became active in the Pacific during World War II, they were evacuated. The island is named for Michael Baker, who visited the island several times before claiming it in 1855. It was classified as part of Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge in 1974. Guam Total Area: 212 square miles (549 sq km) Population: 175,877 (2008 estimate) Located in the western Pacific Ocean  in the Mariana Islands, Guam became a U.S. possession in 1898, following the Spanish-American War. Its believed that the indigenous people of Guam, the Chamorros, settled on the island roughly 4,000 years ago. The first European to discover Guam was Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. The Japanese occupied Guam in 1941, three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.  American forces liberated the island on July 21, 1944, which is still commemorated as Liberation Day. Howland Island Total Area: 0.69 square miles (1.8 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Located near Baker Island in the central Pacific, Howland Island comprises the  Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Its part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. The U.S. took possession in 1856. Howland Island was the destination aviator Amelia Earhart was headed for when her plane disappeared in 1937.   Jarvis Island Total Area: 1.74 square miles (4.5 sq km) Population: Uninhabited This uninhabited atoll is in the south Pacific Ocean halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands. It was annexed by the U.S. in 1858, and is administered by  the Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system.   Kingman Reef Total Area: 0.01 square miles (0.03 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Although it was discovered a few hundred years earlier, Kingman Reef was incorporated by the U.S. in 1922. Its incapable of sustaining plant life, and is considered a maritime hazard, but its location in the Pacific Ocean had strategic value during World War II. Its administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as the  Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Midway Islands Total Area: 2.4 square miles (6.2 sq km) Population: There are no permanent inhabitants on the islands but caretakers periodically live on the islands. Midway is nearly at the halfway point between North America and Asia, hence its name. Its the only island in the Hawaiian archipelago which is not part of Hawaii. Its administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The U.S. formally took possession of Midway in 1856.   The Battle of Midway was one of the most important between the Japanese and the U.S. in World War II. In May 1942, the Japanese planned an invasion of Midway Island which would provide a base for attacking Hawaii. But the Americans intercepted and decrypted the Japanese radio transmissions.  On June 4, 1942, U.S. aircraft flying from USS Enterprise, USS Hornet, and USS Yorktown attacked and sunk four Japanese carriers, forcing the Japanese to withdraw. The Battle of Midway marked the turning point of World War II in the Pacific. Navassa Island Total Area: 2 square miles (5.2 sq km) Population: Uninhabited   Located in the Caribbean 35 miles west of Haiti, Navassa Island is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The U.S. claimed possession of Navassa in 1850, although Haiti has disputed this claim. A group of Christopher Columbus crewmen happened on the island in 1504 on their way from Jamaica to Hispanola, but discovered Navassa had no fresh water sources. Northern Mariana Islands Total Area: 184 square miles (477 sq km) Population: 52,344  (2015 estimate) Officially known as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, this string of 14 islands is in the Micronesia collection of islands in the Pacific Ocean, between Palau, the Philippines and Japan.   The Northern Mariana Islands have a tropical climate, with December through May as the dry season, and July to October the monsoon season. The largest island in the territory, Saipan, is in the Guinness Book of Records for having the worlds most equable temperature, at 80 degrees year round. The Japanese had possession of the Northern Marianas until the U.S. invasion in 1944.   Palmyra Atoll Total Area: 1.56 square miles (4 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Palmyra is an incorporated territory of the U.S., subject to all provisions of the Constitution, but its also an unorganized territory, so theres no Act of Congress on how Palmyra should be governed. Located halfway between Guam and Hawaii, Palmyra has no permanent residents, and is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Puerto Rico Total Area: 3,151 square miles (8,959 sq km) Population: 3, 474,000  (2015 estimate) Puerto Rico is the easternmost island of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, about 1,000  miles southeast of Florida and just east of the Dominican Republic and west of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth, a territory of the U.S. but not a state. Puerto Rico seceded from Spain in  1898, and Puerto Ricans have been citizens of the United States since a law was passed in 1917. Even though they are citizens, Puerto Ricans pay no federal income tax and they can not vote for president. U.S. Virgin Islands Total Area: 136 square miles (349 sq km) Population: 106,405  (2010 estimate) The islands that make up the U.S. Virgin Islands archipelago in the Caribbean  are St. Croix, St. John and St. Thomas, as well as other minor islands. The USVI became a U.S. territory in 1917, after the U.S. signed a treaty with Denmark. The territorys capital is Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas. The USVI elect a delegate to Congress, and while the delegate can vote in committee, he or she cant participate in floor votes. It has its own state legislator and elects a territorial governor every four years. Wake Islands Total Area: 2.51 square miles (6.5 sq km) Population: 94  (2015 estimate) Wake Island is a coral atoll in the western Pacific Ocean 1,500 miles east of Guam, and 2,300 miles west of Hawaii. Its an unorganized, unincorporated territory is also claimed by the Marshall Islands. It was claimed by the U.S. in 1899, and is administered by the U.S. Air Force.

Segment 10 and 11 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Segment 10 and 11 - Term Paper Example On October 1802, Spain's King Charles IV signed a decree that transferred the Louisiana territory to France and the Spanish representative in New Orleans, following instructions Spanish court, canceled Americans' access to the port's warehouses. These moves angered the United States. Jefferson and Secretary of State James Madison worked to attain a feasible resolution through diplomacy, but other factions called for war, so that the U.S. could seize Mississippi and New Orleans. In January 1803, Jefferson recommended that James Monroe accompany Livingston in Paris as minister extraordinary. This would be called the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Jefferson wrote to Kentucky's governor, James Garrard, to notify him of Monroe's appointment. Monroe was to offer $10 million for the purchase of New Orleans and all, or part of, the Florida territories. If negotiations failed, Monroe was ordered to try buying New Orleans, or, at the very least, ensure American access to the Mississippi and the p ort. When Monroe got to Paris on April 12, 1803, Livingston informed him of different circumstances. Napoleon agreed with the recommendation of France's minister of finance, Francois de Barbe-Marbois, that it would be more strategic for France to sell Mississippi to the U.S., to avoid for it being seized by Britain, in the event of a future war. Soon, the U.S. purchased Louisiana from France for $0.03 per acre, or $15 million. This added around 252 million more acres to the American territory. The War of 1812 concerned the military conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. One of the main issues was Impressment, where the British could take away British sailors in American ships. Napoleon's statement in 1810 that revoked his decrees and British refusals to rescind their orders increased the pressures for the U.S. to go to war. On June 18, 1812, President James Madison approved a declaration of war that Congress passed at his request, although not withou t significant opposition. The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812, but it did not resolve the fundamental issues that stimulated the war. The Treaty states that â€Å"all territory, places and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the war† would be reinstated, as they were before the war. No one gained anything and Impressment was not duly addressed. Synopsis of Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe delivered a speech on December 2, 1823 that included the Monroe Doctrine. In his message to Congress, Monroe provided a set of principles of the Monroe Doctrine: 1) The Western Hemisphere can no longer be colonized; 2) The political system of the Americas differs from Europe; 3) The United States will consider all intrusions in Western hemispheric affairs as a danger to its security; and 4) The United States will cease from participating in European wars and would not agitate European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. What was Monroe trying to ac hieve with his Monroe Doctrine? Monroe wanted to deal with potential threats to the U.S., specifically that which comes from the interests of European powers in colonizing territories in the New World and to ensure that diplomacy is used first before engaging in any war against other nations. SEGMENT 11 Summary The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, during the 18th century. In the U.S., the industrial revolution started in the nineteenth century. During this time, the

Business Ethics opinion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Ethics opinion paper - Essay Example It is against the law for an employer to discriminate against people on other factor other than disqualification especially those with disabilities. I agree that discrimination can both be institutional or at individual level. I believe that people can discriminate by stereotyping or on personal prejudice. I understand that other people can unconsciously or thoughtlessly discriminate at workplace while trying to accept the traditions, norms or stereotypes. For instance, an employer can look at women and assume that they should be at home taking care of their families and become biased in making decisions on hiring women to the workplace. Focusing on this example, I suggest that organizations should provide materials and training to avert such situations by condemning actions of stereotyping in the workplace since both men and women have the same opportunity and knowledge of taking up responsibility in any company (Roth 46). Sometimes institutions can intentionally and explicitly discriminate against certain groups. On institutional-based discrimination, I strong believe stern and severe action should be taken to mitigate discrimination to provide examples and curb against discrimination. I strongly disregard institutions that when hiring disrespect people like older employees, marginalized tribes, other sexes or the young in the society. For instance, where a black man is forced to work in the kitchen where he cannot be seen by customers who are believed to be white, I strongly condemn this action since it is against the human rights of the black man. I am of the view that employers should give an opportunity to the black man to undertake responsibilities in the where the whites are working in the restaurant as long as he has the qualifications for the job (Roth 46). My study on general statistics and evidence on occupational discrimination have proved that women worker were the most discriminated whereby they

Impacts of Heart Failure on the Body

Impacts of Heart Failure on the Body Helen McHugh Clearly Define Heart Failure. Heart failure occurs when either side of the heart cannot keep up with the flow of blood. It can involve left or right side of the heart or both. It is a combination of decreased cardiac output accompanied by impaired function of the failing heart and the compensatory mechanisms that preserve the cardiac reserve. Usually the left is involved first What organs and which body systems are affected by the disorder? Cardiovascular system – The Heart The respiratory System – The lungs, shortness of breath, chronic, non productive cough. Digestive system – Liver – becomes enlarged, unable to filter toxins and produce needed proteins. , stomach; impaired gastrointestinal function due to poor blood supply and malnutrition, accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity. Urinary System – Kidneys – fluid volume, oedema, impaired rennin,-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, nocturia(early in process) and oliguria(late sign) Integumentary system Skin and nail bed cyanosis. Pale and sweaty skin Nervous system – Brain – confusion( due to lack of oxygen to brain), sympathetic nervous system activation, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia Endochrine System – Pituatory gland (anti diuretic hormone), and adrenal glands – (aldestorone) – associated with water and sodium retention Lymphatic system – lymphoedema caused by oedema of chronic heart failure Muscular System – muscle fatigue, impaired exercise tolerance due to poor oxygen supply to muscles. (Porth Matfin, 2009) Give a brief overview of the normal function of the body systems affected by this disorder Cardiovascular/Circulatory system Comprised of heart, blood vessels and blood which work together to provide necessary nutrients to the body, removes excretory products from the body, protects the body from infection and maintains body heat. (Human anatomy, 2010) The Respiratory System The respiratory system, comprised of lungs, passages and muscles which are responsible for exchange of gases within the body and also from outside of the body. Oxygen is breathed into the body and transported to all of the parts and then carbon dioxide is breathed out. (Human Anatomy, 2010) The Nervous system The nervous system is the control centre of the body. It controls and regulates the functions of the body. The system is made of of voluntary and involuntary functions. The nervous system, comprised of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and neurons manages the body systems to work together and also for the organs to work together to create a finely tuned human body. (Human Anatomy, 2010) The Urinary System: The urinary system filters and removes waste from the body and also maintains the right balance of salt and electrolytes in the body. The urinary system is very important in controlling homeostasis in the body. It can control the volume of blood in the body to control blood pressure. ‘The kidneys produce and interact with several hormones that are involved in the control of systems outside of the urinary system’ (Taylor, 2013) Digestive system The digestive system is responsible for the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. Integumentary System ‘Skin forms the body’s outer covering and forms a barrier to protect the body from chemicals, disease, UV light, and physical damage. Hair and nailsextend from the skin to reinforce the skin and protect it from environmental damage. Theexocrine glands of the integumentary system produce sweat, oil, and wax to cool, protect, and moisturize the skin’s surface’ (Taylor, 2013) Endocrine System The endocrine system is made up of the glands of the body and the hormones produced by these glands. The hormones are used to regulate the body to maintain homeostasis. Lymphatic System the lymphatic system carries interstitial fluid from cells and tissues back to the heart, Elements of the lymphatic system find and get rid of foreign bodies and invaders in the body. Muscular system This is responsible for the movement of and within the body. Comprised of three types of muscle; Visceral muscles – found inside the organs of the body(involuntary); cardiac muscle – found in the heart; skeletal muscle – attached to the skeleton and are the voluntary muscles. Define the signs and symptoms of heart failure and explain why these signs and symptoms occur. Fatigue /Weakness – Often experienced as heaviness of limbs and can be due to poor tissue perfusion of skeletal muscles due to poor cardiac output. (Medscape, 2014) Cardiac fatigue is different from normal fatigue as often progresses through the day and is not present in the morning. Due to reduced cardiac output throught the day and lack of oxygen. Confusion/memory impairment/anxiety/restlessness/insomnia. Due to impaired cardiac output throughout the day the brain may not receive enough oxygen and lead to these symptoms. Nocturia – (early stage heart failure)Caused by increased blood return to the heart when person is lying down which causes increased cardiac output, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. Oliguria – (Late stage heart failure) – caused by decreased cardiac output and resultant renal failure. Orthopnea – Due to decreased pooling of blood in lower extremeties and also due to ascites, too much blood rushes back to the heart and it cannot cope with it through several processes the result is increased airway resistance leading to dyspnoea. (Medscape, 2014) Paroxysmal Nocturnal dyspnoea – This is a sensation of shortness of breath that awakens the patient, possibly due to increased airway resistance (See Orthopnea) (Mukerji., 1990) Abdominal Distention – Due to Ascites Abnormal Heart beat Atrial and Ventricular arrhythmias – Irregular pulse Due to disturbance in contractions of the heart Nausea Due to gastrointestinal problems with the digestive system not receiving enough blood and with the digestive system and liver becoming congested. Increase in blood pressure – Because the heart is not able to pump the blood around the body as effectively and an increase in fluid build up in the body the blood pressure increases. Shortness of breath/gasping for air –Due to acute pulmonary oedema where capillary fluid has moved into the alveoli. Chest Pain/Pressure – Can be due to either primary or secondary myocardial ischemia Cyanosis – due to acute pulmonary oedmea lack of oxygen throughout the body due to poor gas exchange. Palpitations – ‘It can be secondary to sinus tachycardia due to decompensated heart failure, or more commonly, it is due to atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias.’ (Medscape, 2014) Weight gain – rapid weight gain is often observed in patients with heart failure due to fluid retention. Crackles in lungs – Can be Due to acute pulmonary oedema where capillary fluid has moved into the alveoli. Chronic Dry, non productive cough which becomes worse when patient is lying down – Congestion of the bronchial mucosa may causes bronchospasm which may cause wheezing and difficulty in breathing. Condition is sometimes called cardiac asthma. List the information taken on his admission that demonstrates these signs and symptoms. Sa02 – 87% on room air – this is too low and sign of poor oxygen saturation. B/P 90/40 – This is low, but may be due to his Lasix medication. Pulse – High – indication his heart may be working too hard or may be due to anxiety of admission and needs to be kept monitored Resps : very high – could be indication of potential cardiac arrest. Low Temperature : 35.8C can be associated with heart failure and worsening conditions (Medscape, 2013) (Cretikos, et al., 2008) To be noted : the above vital signs could also be indicative of asthma attack (Patient.co.uk, 2012) Circulation : He is hypertensive which, he has CCF and PVD Skin Integrity : Ulcer Lower leg, this could be a symptom of poor nutrition and circulation, which is a symptom of diabetes which is a risk factor of Heart failure. Nutrition : Diabetes and loss of appetite. Diabetes is key risk factor of CCF and loss of appetite is indicative of GI problems associated with heart failure Elimination : Constipated : This could be a sign of the digestive system not working properly due to lack of blood supply Mental State : Confusion could be a sign of lack of oxygen reaching the brain. Emotional Status : Anxiety of his condition could exascerbate his other feelings of anxiety Do you think the diabetes is related to the leg ulcer and amputated left toe? explain. Yes. The most common cause of chronic leg ulcers is poor circulation. Diabetics may have poor circulation due to the increased glucose in the blood and hardening of the blood vessels. This poor blood supply may lead to neuropathy and the nerve damage affects the condition of the skin. A non healing ulcer that causes severe damage to tissue and bone may need amputation. Mr Wrights amputated left toe may have been due to a non healing ulcer. (Mcnair, 2014) (American Diabetes Association, 2014) One of the medications he is taking is Lasix. What does Lasix do? Which body systems are affected by it? Explain why Mr Wright is ordered Lasix Lasix is a diueretic and is used to treat fluid retention in people with heart failure. Lasix is stops the body absorbing too much salt and rids the body of excess fluid and this can help the heart to pump more easily and can help regulate the blood pressure. Body Systems affected by Lasix are Cardiovascular system and Urinary system. List three conditions in Mr Wright’s relevant medical history that are commonly associated with ageing Arthritis Glaucoma Type 2 Diabetes What factors may impact on Mr Wright’s safety in hospital and when he returns home. Hospital: Confusion : Wandering with poor mobility (Patient.co.uk, 2011) Mobility: Falls risk MRSA Home: Falls Risk Confusion Diabetes Management Asthma Management Allergies(Confusion) Medications (Confusion) What other Health professionals will be involved in his care and what services can they provide for Mr Wright. Cardiologist : Management/ treatments for his CCF Rheumatologist : Care for his Arthritis Opthamologist : Care for his Glaucoma Diabetes Educator : Education and support for his Diabetes Dietician : Help with his diet in relation to his diabetes Podiatrist : Care for his feet, re. diabetes Physiotherapist : Help with mobility Nurse (RDNS): Help with care in the community GP : Treatment, consultations and advice in the community Respiratory Specialist : Consultations, and treatment re, respiratory issues. Phlebotomist : Re. regular blood monitoring Counsellor : Re. Mental health Social Worker : Re. possible support in the community i.e. meals on wheels, community involvement List the nursing documentation you would expect to be used in the care of Mr Wright: Admission Form Pain Observation Chart Fluid Balance Chart Medication Chart Neurovascular Chart Neurological Chart Care Plan Allergies Alert Record Form References: American Diabetes Association, 2014. Foot Complications. [Online] Available at: http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/foot-complications/ [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Cretikos, M. A. et al., 2008. Respitory rate the neglected vital sign. [Online] Available at: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2008/188/11/respiratory-rate-neglected-vital-sign [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Human anatomy, 2010. Cardiovascular System. [Online] Available at: http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/cardiovascular-system [Accessed 7th March 2014]. Human Anatomy, 2010. Nervous System. [Online] Available at: http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/nervous-system [Accessed 7th March 2014]. Human Anatomy, 2010. Respiratory System. [Online] Available at: http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/respiratory-system [Accessed 7th March 2014]. Mcnair, D. P., 2014. Foot and Leg Ulcers. [Online] Available at: http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/footandlegulcers.htm [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Medscape, 2013. Association of Low Body Temperature and Poor Outcomes in Patients Admitted With Worsening Heart Failure. [Online] Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814981_4 [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Medscape, 2014. Heart Failure and Clincial Presentation. [Online] Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/163062-clinical [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Mukerji., V., 1990. Dyspnea, Orthopnea, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea. [Online] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK213/ [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Patient.co.uk, 2011. Delirium. [Online] Available at: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/delirium [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Patient.co.uk, 2012. Acute-severe asthma and status asthmaticus. [Online] Available at: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/acute-severe-asthma-and-status-asthmaticus [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Porth, C. M. Matfin, G., 2009. Chapter 26, Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock. In: H. Surrena, ed. Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States. China: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 606-637. Taylor, T., 2013. Integumentary system. [Online] Available at: http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/integumentary#full-description [Accessed 9th March 2014]. Taylor, T., 2013. Urinary System. [Online] Available at: http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html#full-description [Accessed 9th March 2014]. 1

Ensure A Safe Workplace Essay

The legislation and compliance requirements that are relevant to ABC Chemicals’ for all cabling done on the premise must be conducted by a fully certified and qualified tradesman. A normal IT Technician if not qualified cannot alter or create new Ethernet cables or any cable to be used in the workplace. They cannot re-route or add additional cabling into walls and they cannot install additional wall plates. ABC Chemicals have a mound of hazards that need to be fix before an incident occurs. Being constructed in 2000 the building has been fitted with limited emergency equipment. No emergency plan is displayed in the workplace and no workers have received any training in safe handling of chemicals. These three hazards alone can be catastrophic in causing the majority of the incidents in this business. Not only do they not have an emergency plan multiple vehicle accidents occur in front of the premise, if one were to go through the building no worker would know what to do. ABC Chemicals is situated within 25 metres of a local nursing home for elderly residents and a child care centre that provides day-care for children under five years old. This is a problem as all old chemical drums are placed outside for a month at a time. They are not enclosed or covered meaning any fumes from the drums would be released into the air effecting any businesses in a 25 metre radius, possibly more. Not only are old drums put outside, any material that is used to clean up small spills during the day is thrown straight into the general waste dumpster. Out the back where all the drums and dumpster is situated all that separates an overgrown dry grass paddock is a cyclone fence. If any of the drums falls over and chemicals leak out this can seep through the holes in the fence either cause the dry grass to combust or contaminate the land. If the land was found contaminated the construction of the future community centre would not go ahead. Each hazard that has been found at ABC Chemicals will go through a risk assessment to determine the likely hood of each risk. When assessing the risk three essential steps are taken. The chance of an incident occurring is evaluated then the severity or consequence is calculated or estimated. Once these two factors are found they are used to assign priority for risk  control that uses a risk rating. The building is fitted with limited emergency equipment with no emergency plan displayed in the workplace and no workers have received any training in safe handling of chemicals. These alone could cause a fatality, with the likelihood of this occurring at some time. They are classified as an extreme risk and should have immediate action to reduce their severity. To reduce the risk ABC Chemicals should arrange for all staff to complete training in safe handling of chemicals. Additional emergency equipment should be added to the premise and be easily accessible when an incident occurs and emergency plans should be scattered around the building so wherever you are you should know what is expected of you. The busy intersection in front of the premise is a cause for major injuries. As accidents have occurred in front of the business before it is possible for it to happen. This would be classified as an extreme risk and should be attended to immediately. By applying barricades to the surrounding area can reduce the possibility of a car hitting into the premise and cause major damage. All drums accumulated over a monthly period are placed outside with no coverage. The small spills that occur daily are also cleaned up and thrown into the general waste dumpster. There is no barricades to stop any spills from seeping through the fence into the dry grassed block of land. The fact that the drums are in a 25 meter radius of a local nursing home and a child care centre the fumes of these drums could damage the health of the young children and the elderly. Daily inhalation of these fumes and continuous leakage into the land behind the premise need an immediate solution in new ways of storing their waste until pickup day. This will reduce the chance of people becoming sick and reducing the change of the land behind to become contaminated and cease the future construction of a community centre. These All rags used to clean up small spills are =this could be very dangerous for Risk prioritization goes beyond risk ranking in that it compares scenarios a combinations of specific products and equipment, hazards, and control measures using multiple criteria. Some of these additional criteria may include cost of interventions or control measures, feasibility of implementing control measures, practicality of control measures, effectiveness of control measures, level of public concern, level of  certainty in the estimates and political will. There are many tools that can be used to assess the risks and risk causes. These being Safety data sheets, national and state injury statistics, industrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme and the standards and codes. The SDS provides information about materials before they are purchased and used on-site. It also gives information on potential hazards and effects of each material. The SDS helps by reducing hazards at the assessment stage by assessing the risk and hazard and applying a suitable and less hazardous replacement. SDS are available from the vendor or the manufacturer but can also be viewed online. National and state injure statistics are based on injuries that occur Australia-wide. By gathering this information, trends can be established which can be used to assist the development of precise preventative strategies. With this information, organisations similar to your business can help predict the most likely injuries. The Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme for new and existing products and chemicals relates to compliance with industrial chemicals legislation. The Australian inventory of chemical substances and all existing chemical s must be assessed and certified according to hazardous risk. Standards and codes consist of practical advice on issues and included preventative strategies to assist with hazard control. They are used as a baseline for comparison and a check for businesses to see if they conform to current legislation and meet the duty of care requirements.